⚡ Nutrition: Quick Recap
- Nutrition: Process of consuming and utilizing food for growth and repair.
- Autotrophic: Self-made food (Plants via Photosynthesis/Chemosynthesis).
- Heterotrophic: Dependent on others (Animals). Includes Holozoic (solid food), Parasitic (on hosts), and Saprophytic (on dead matter).
📊 Nutrients at a Glance
| Nutrient Type | Primary Role |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrates | Main Energy Source (Sugars/Starch). |
| Proteins | Body Building & Repair (Amino Acids). |
| Fats | Energy Reserve & Insulation. |
| Vitamins/Minerals | Protection & Metabolism (Micronutrients). |
🔄 The 5 Steps of Digestion
- Ingestion: Taking in food (Mouth).
- Digestion: Breaking food into simple forms (Stomach/Small Intestine).
- Absorption: Nutrients entering the blood (Small Intestine).
- Assimilation: Utilizing nutrients in cells.
- Egestion: Removing undigested waste (Anus).
🦷 Teeth Essentials
Types & Counts: (Per Jaw)
* Incisors (4): Cutting.
* Canines (2): Tearing.
* Premolars (4): Grinding.
* Molars (6): Grinding.
Formula:
* Milk Teeth: $\frac{2102}{2102} \times 2 = 20$
* Permanent Teeth: $\frac{2123}{2123} \times 2 = 32$
Exam Note: "Enamel" is the hardest part of the body. "Pulp Cavity" is the living part with nerves.
🚀 Organ & Gland Functions
- Mouth: Salivary Amylase breaks Starch into Maltose.
- Oesophagus: Peristalsis moves food; Epiglottis prevents choking.
- Stomach: $HCl$ (Kills germs/Activates enzymes) + Pepsin (Proteins $\rightarrow$ Polypeptides).
- Small Intestine: Final digestion and absorption via Villi.
- Large Intestine: Absorbs water/salts; forms semi-solid waste.
🧪 Enzyme Master Table
| Enzyme/Juice | Target | Produced By |
|---|---|---|
| Bile Juice | Fats (Emulsification) | Liver |
| Trypsin | Proteins | Pancreas |
| Lipase | Fats $\rightarrow$ Fatty Acids | Pancreas |
| Sucrase/Lactase | Sugars $\rightarrow$ Glucose | Intestinal Wall |
💡 Quick Terms
Chyme: Semi-liquid food in the stomach.
Plaque: Yellow bacterial film on teeth.
Villi: Finger-like folds in the small intestine for absorption.
Bile: Liquid that breaks fats; stored in Gall Bladder.
Liver: Largest gland; can regenerate.
Oral Hygiene: Brush twice daily; use dental floss to prevent Tooth Decay caused by acid-producing bacteria eating sugar leftovers.
Did you know? The total length of the human alimentary canal is about 9 meters (30 feet), which is roughly six times your height!