⚡ Rapid Revision: Short Notes (Part 1)
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
"Disturbed ease"—any condition leading to malfunctioning of the body.
Diseases present from birth (e.g., Haemophilia, Sickle-cell anaemia).
Developed during lifetime; can be infectious or non-infectious.
The "Infectious Agents" List
- ✅ Virus: Smallest; needs a host (Ex: Polio, HIV, Influenza).
- ✅ Bacteria: Unicellular; fast reproduction (Ex: Typhoid, Cholera).
- ✅ Protozoa: Simple eukaryotes; found in water (Ex: Malaria, Amoebiasis).
- ✅ Fungi: Lack chlorophyll; thread-like (Ex: Ringworm, Athlete's foot).
- ✅ Worms: Parasites in intestines (Ex: Roundworm, Tapeworm).
Key Distinctions
| Infection | Entry and multiplication of germs in the body. |
| Virulence | The ability or strength of a pathogen to cause disease. |
⚡ Rapid Revision: Short Notes (Part 2)
The Nutrient Deficit Guide
| Missing Nutrient | Disease/Effect |
| Vitamin A | Night Blindness |
| Vitamin B Complex | Beri-beri |
| Vitamin C | Scurvy (Bleeding gums) |
| Vitamin D | Rickets (Soft bones) |
| Iron (Fe) | Anaemia (Low Hb) |
| Iodine (I) | Goitre (Swollen neck) |
| Proteins Only | Kwashiorkor (Pot belly) |
| Protein + Calories | Marasmus (Wasted body) |
Transmission "One-Liners"
- 📍 Direct Contact: Touching or using articles (Ex: Ringworm).
- 📍 Airborne: Coughing/Sneezing droplets (Ex: Common Cold, TB).
- 📍 Waterborne: Contaminated drinking water (Ex: Cholera, Typhoid).
- 📍 Vectors: Carriers like Mosquitoes (Malaria) or Flies (Cholera).
1. Vaccination: Builds active immunity (BCG for TB).
2. Sanitation: Boiling water and proper sewage disposal.
3. Hygiene: Handwashing and covering mouth while coughing.
4. Vector Control: Eliminating stagnant water (no mosquito breeding).
* Antibiotics work only on Bacteria, not Viruses.
* Jaundice is caused by excess Bilirubin (waste from RBCs).
* Lactobacillus is a "Good Bacterium" found in the intestines.
End of Revision Notes: Health and Hygiene