ICSE 7 Biology Allergy Short

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Table of Contents

    Short Notes

    Allergy 

    1.0 Core Terminology

    • Allergy: Hypersensitivity of the immune system to a harmless substance.
    • Allergen: The substance causing the reaction (e.g., Pollen, Dust).
    • Antibody (IgE): Proteins produced by the body to "fight" the allergen.
    • Histamine: The chemical released that causes swelling, itching, and redness.

    2.0 Entry Routes

    Route Examples
    Inhalation Pollen, Dust, Fur, Mold.
    Ingestion Milk, Eggs, Peanuts, Seafood.
    Contact Latex, Cosmetics, Nickel.
    Injection Bee stings, Penicillin.

    3.0 Quick Mechanism

    Allergen → IgE Antibody → Mast Cells → Histamine Release
    💡 Revision Tip: Remember that histamine is the main "villain" that causes symptoms, which is why we take anti-histamines to stop them!

    4.0 Identifying Symptoms

    System Common Symptoms
    Respiratory Sneezing, Running nose, Hay fever, Asthma.
    Skin Itching, Redness, Hives (Urticaria), Eczema.
    Digestive Vomiting, Stomach cramps, Diarrhea.

    5.0 How to Test?

    • Skin Prick Test: Placing allergen drops on skin and pricking to check for red bumps.
    • Blood Test: Checking for elevated levels of IgE antibodies.
    • Elimination Diet: Stopping specific foods to see if the reaction stops.

    6.0 Precautions & Emergencies

    • Avoid known triggers (pollen, specific foods, pets).
    • Carry an EpiPen (Epinephrine) for severe reactions.
    • Wear masks in high-pollen areas.
    • Read food labels for hidden allergens.

    ⚠️ Exam Note: Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of allergy. It causes a sudden drop in blood pressure and must be treated with Adrenaline immediately.

    REVISION COMPLETE

    Allergy: Full Short Notes finished.

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