1. A cross between a pure tall plant (TT) and a pure dwarf plant (tt) results in $F_1$ hybrids. If these $F_1$ plants are self-pollinated, what is the expected "Genotypic Ratio" of the $F_2$ generation?
2. A man with blood group A (genotype $I^A i$) marries a woman with blood group B (genotype $I^B i$). What is the probability that their first child will have blood group O?
3. Clinically, why is a "Test Cross" performed by geneticists?
4. A woman has a color-blind father. She marries a man with normal vision. What is the logical outcome for her daughters?
5. In a dihybrid cross ($RRYY \times rryy$), how many offspring in the $F_2$ generation are expected to be "double recessive" (rryy) out of 16?
6. A child is born with Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21). From an experimental standpoint, this extra chromosome is the result of:
7. If the haploid number of chromosomes ($n$) in a pea plant is 7, how many linkage groups does it have?
8. In a clinical case of Hemophilia, the father is normal and the mother is a carrier. What is the genotype of a son who has the disease?
9. Which experimental observation led Mendel to propose that "Factors" occur in pairs?
10. A woman with blood group O cannot be the mother of a child with which blood group?
11. In DNA analysis, if Guanine makes up 20% of the bases, what is the percentage of Adenine?
12. Why is "Sickle Cell Anemia" considered a mutation-based disorder?
13. An organism has the genotype $AaBb$. How many different types of gametes can it produce?
14. To determine if a human trait is "Autosomal Dominant," a researcher studies a Pedigree. Which observation supports this?
15. What is the phenotypic ratio of a cross between a heterozygous tall plant (Tt) and a dwarf plant (tt)?
16. Which chemical bond is broken first when DNA starts to replicate?
17. A man with normal vision has a color-blind son. What must be the genotype of the mother?
18. Why does the "Y" chromosome NOT carry the gene for color blindness?
19. If a DNA molecule has 100 base pairs, how many sugar molecules are present in it?
20. Which of the following is a "Dominant" trait in human beings?
