ICSE Class 6 Biology: Diseases and Hygiene Short Notes | EduDias

⚡ Quick Revision: Health, Disease and Hygiene Basics

Health: Health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being.

Disease: Disease is a condition in which the body or mind does not work normally.

Hygiene: Hygiene means habits and practices that keep us clean and healthy.

Cleanliness: Cleanliness helps prevent germs from entering and spreading in the body.

Term	Quick Meaning	Exam Recall
Health	Body and mind work properly.	Well-being.
Disease	Body or mind does not work normally.	Illness condition.
Hygiene	Clean habits to stay healthy.	Disease prevention.
Cleanliness	Keeping body and surroundings clean.	Stops germs.

⚡ Quick Revision: Healthy Habits

Healthy Habit	How It Helps	Quick Recall
Wash hands	Removes germs from hands.	Before eating and after toilet.
Drink clean water	Prevents water-borne diseases.	Safe water matters.
Eat fresh food	Keeps digestion and body healthy.	Avoid stale food.
Keep surroundings clean	Prevents breeding of flies and mosquitoes.	Clean place, fewer germs.

[INSERT LABELED DIAGRAM: healthy hygiene habits showing handwashing clean water fresh food clean surroundings and bathing]

🏷️ EXAM DIAGRAM: Hygiene Habits

🧠 MEMORY TRICK

H-D-H

Health is well-being, Disease is illness, Hygiene prevents disease.

🧠 MEMORY TRICK

H-W-F-S

Hands clean, clean Water, fresh Food, clean Surroundings.

❌ DON'T CONFUSE:

Health (well-being of body and mind) vs Disease (abnormal condition of body or mind).

❌ DON'T CONFUSE:

Hygiene (clean habits) vs Treatment (care given after disease occurs).

🚀 5 Things to Remember

• Health means physical, mental and social well-being.
• Disease means the body or mind does not work normally.
• Hygiene means clean habits that keep us healthy.
• Washing hands, clean water and fresh food prevent diseases.
• Clean surroundings reduce germs, flies and mosquitoes.

⚡ Quick Revision: Types of Diseases

Communicable Disease: A disease that spreads from an infected person to a healthy person.

Non-Communicable Disease: A disease that does not spread from one person to another.

Infectious Disease: A disease caused by germs and usually able to spread.

Lifestyle Disease: A disease linked with unhealthy habits such as poor diet and lack of exercise.

Type of Disease	Meaning	Examples
Communicable	Spreads from person to person.	Common cold, flu, measles.
Non-communicable	Does not spread from person to person.	Diabetes, deficiency diseases.
Infectious	Caused by germs.	Tuberculosis, cholera.
Deficiency disease	Caused by lack of nutrients.	Rickets, scurvy, anaemia.

⚡ Quick Revision: Communicable vs Non-Communicable Diseases

Point	Communicable Disease	Non-Communicable Disease
Spread	Spreads from one person to another.	Does not spread from person to person.
Cause	Usually caused by germs.	May be caused by deficiency, heredity or lifestyle.
Prevention	Hygiene, safe water and avoiding contact with infected people.	Balanced diet, exercise and healthy lifestyle.
Examples	Cold, flu, cholera.	Diabetes, rickets, scurvy.

[INSERT LABELED DIAGRAM: comparison chart showing communicable disease spreading from infected person to healthy person and non-communicable disease not spreading]

🏷️ EXAM DIAGRAM: Types of Diseases

🧠 MEMORY TRICK

COM = CONTACT

Communicable diseases spread by contact, air, food, water or insects.

🧠 MEMORY TRICK

NON = NOT ON OTHERS

Non-communicable diseases do not pass on to others.

❌ DON'T CONFUSE:

Communicable disease (spreads from person to person) vs Non-communicable disease (does not spread).

❌ DON'T CONFUSE:

Infectious disease (caused by germs) vs Deficiency disease (caused by lack of nutrients).

🚀 5 Things to Remember

• Communicable diseases spread from one person to another.
• Non-communicable diseases do not spread from person to person.
• Most communicable diseases are caused by germs.
• Deficiency diseases are caused by lack of nutrients.
• Hygiene helps prevent many communicable diseases.

⚡ Quick Revision: Germs and Spread of Diseases

Germs: Germs are tiny disease-causing organisms that can enter the body and make us ill.

Microorganisms: Microorganisms are very small living things seen only with a microscope.

Pathogens: Disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens.

Vectors: Vectors are organisms such as mosquitoes and flies that spread germs from one place to another.

Type of Germ	Quick Recall	Example Disease
Bacteria	Single-celled germs.	Cholera, tuberculosis.
Viruses	Very tiny disease-causing agents.	Common cold, flu, measles.
Fungi	Grow in warm and moist places.	Ringworm.
Protozoa	Tiny single-celled organisms.	Malaria.

⚡ Quick Revision: How Diseases Spread

Mode of Spread	How It Spreads	Example
Air	Through droplets from coughing or sneezing.	Cold, flu.
Water	Through dirty or unsafe drinking water.	Cholera, diarrhoea.
Food	Through stale or uncovered food.	Food poisoning.
Insects	Through mosquito bite or flies carrying germs.	Malaria.
Direct contact	By touching infected person or infected objects.	Skin infections.

[INSERT LABELED DIAGRAM: spread of diseases through air water food insects and direct contact]

🏷️ EXAM DIAGRAM: Spread of Diseases

🧠 MEMORY TRICK

B-V-F-P

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi and Protozoa can cause diseases.

🧠 MEMORY TRICK

A-W-F-I-C

Diseases spread through Air, Water, Food, Insects and Contact.

❌ DON'T CONFUSE:

Germs (disease-causing organisms) vs Vectors (organisms that carry and spread germs).

❌ DON'T CONFUSE:

Air-borne disease (spreads through air droplets) vs Water-borne disease (spreads through contaminated water).

🚀 5 Things to Remember

• Germs are tiny disease-causing organisms.
• Bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa can cause diseases.
• Diseases may spread through air, water, food, insects and contact.
• Mosquitoes and flies are common vectors.
• Clean food, clean water and clean surroundings stop many diseases.

⚡ Quick Revision: Prevention, Immunity and Vaccination

Prevention: Prevention means stopping a disease before it occurs.

Personal Hygiene: Personal hygiene means keeping our body, clothes and habits clean.

Public Hygiene: Public hygiene means keeping surroundings, public places, water and waste disposal systems clean.

Immunity: Immunity is the body's ability to fight germs and diseases.

Vaccination: Vaccination protects the body from specific diseases by improving immunity.

Method of Prevention	How It Helps	Exam Recall
Wash hands	Removes germs from hands.	Before eating, after toilet.
Drink safe water	Prevents water-borne diseases.	Boiled or filtered water.
Cover food	Keeps flies and dust away.	Avoid stale food.
Vaccination	Protects against specific diseases.	Builds immunity.

⚡ Quick Revision: Personal Hygiene vs Public Hygiene

Point	Personal Hygiene	Public Hygiene
Meaning	Cleanliness of our own body and habits.	Cleanliness of surroundings and public places.
Examples	Bathing, brushing, washing hands.	Clean roads, covered drains, proper waste disposal.
Benefit	Protects the individual.	Protects the community.

[INSERT LABELED DIAGRAM: disease prevention showing handwashing vaccination clean water covered food clean surroundings and mosquito control]

🏷️ EXAM DIAGRAM: Prevention of Diseases

🧠 MEMORY TRICK

H-W-F-V

Handwash, safe Water, covered Food and Vaccination prevent diseases.

🧠 MEMORY TRICK

I = INTERNAL DEFENCE

Immunity is the body's internal defence against germs.

❌ DON'T CONFUSE:

Prevention (stopping disease before it occurs) vs Cure (treating disease after it occurs).

❌ DON'T CONFUSE:

Immunity (body defence power) vs Vaccination (method to improve protection against specific diseases).

❌ DON'T CONFUSE:

Personal hygiene (own cleanliness) vs Public hygiene (clean surroundings and community places).

🚀 5 Things to Remember

• Prevention means stopping disease before it occurs.
• Personal hygiene protects our own body from germs.
• Public hygiene protects the whole community.
• Immunity is the body's power to fight germs.
• Vaccination helps protect the body from specific diseases.

⚡ Quick Revision: First Aid, Healthy Habits and Final Exam Revision

First Aid: First aid is the immediate help given to an injured or sick person before proper medical treatment.

Healthy Habit: A healthy habit is a daily practice that keeps the body clean, safe and disease-free.

Safe Food: Safe food is fresh, clean, covered and free from germs.

Clean Water: Clean water is boiled, filtered or properly treated water that is safe for drinking.

Situation	First Aid Step	Exam Recall
Minor cut	Wash wound and cover with clean bandage.	Prevent infection.
Burn	Keep under cool running water.	Do not apply dirty substances.
Nose bleeding	Sit straight and press nose gently.	Stay calm.
Serious injury	Call an adult or doctor immediately.	Medical help needed.

[INSERT LABELED DIAGRAM: first aid and hygiene habits showing clean bandage handwashing safe food clean water and clean surroundings]

🏷️ EXAM DIAGRAM: First Aid and Hygiene

🧠 MEMORY TRICK

C-C-C

Clean food, Clean water and Clean surroundings prevent diseases.

❌ DON'T CONFUSE:

First aid (immediate help before doctor) vs Medical treatment (proper care by doctor).

⚡ Quick Revision: Must-Know Definitions

Term	Short Definition
Health	State of physical, mental and social well-being.
Disease	Condition in which body or mind does not work normally.
Hygiene	Clean habits that help us stay healthy.
Immunity	Body's ability to fight germs and diseases.
Vaccination	Method that protects the body from specific diseases.

⚡ Quick Revision: Final High-Yield Table

Keyword	One-Line Recall	Exam Must-Remember
Communicable disease	Spreads from person to person.	Usually caused by germs.
Non-communicable disease	Does not spread from person to person.	May be due to deficiency or lifestyle.
Germs	Tiny disease-causing organisms.	Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa.
Vectors	Organisms that spread germs.	Mosquitoes and flies.
Prevention	Stopping disease before it occurs.	Better than cure.
First aid	Immediate help before medical treatment.	For injury or sudden sickness.

🧠 MEMORY TRICK

H-D-H | COM-CONTACT | B-V-F-P | A-W-F-I-C | H-W-F-V

Health-Disease-Hygiene, communicable spread, germs, spread routes and prevention methods.

🚀 5 Things to Remember

• Hygiene means clean habits that prevent diseases.
• Communicable diseases spread from person to person.
• Germs include bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa.
• Diseases spread through air, water, food, insects and contact.
• Prevention, immunity, vaccination and first aid are important for health.